Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga Guide: History, Poses and Tips 2026

Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga is a structured, fixed-sequence yoga practice in which the same series of poses is performed in the same order every time, linked by breath-synchronized movement and governed by three precise technical principles: breath, internal locks, and directed gaze. It is one of the most methodologically distinct yoga systems in the world, and understanding it correctly matters because it is routinely confused with the generic Vinyasa flow classes that now dominate most studio schedules.

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That distinction carries real health implications. According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH), yoga practice broadly reduces stress, improves flexibility, and supports cardiovascular health across diverse populations. Ashtanga Vinyasa, with its cardiovascular intensity and systematic progression, produces particularly strong strength and endurance outcomes compared to slower styles, based on data published in the International Journal of Yoga.

This guide covers the authentic definition, historical lineage, technical foundations, sequence structure, research backing, beginner-entry guidance, and home practice framework for Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga. Nothing is simplified into inaccuracy. Everything here is practically usable.

What Is Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga?

Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga is a traditional Indian yoga system that links a fixed series of poses through breath-synchronized transitions, practiced in the same sequence every time under a specific technical framework called Tristhana.

The word “Ashtanga” means “eight limbs” in Sanskrit, referencing the eight-limbed path described by Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras. In practice, the term Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga refers specifically to the method systematized by Sri K. Pattabhi Jois at the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute in Mysore, India, which he developed from teachings received from his guru T. Krishnamacharya in the early 20th century.

The defining characteristic of Ashtanga Vinyasa is its fixed sequence. Unlike most modern yoga classes, where a teacher creates a different flow each session, Ashtanga practitioners always do the same poses in the same order. The sequence is not arbitrary. Each pose prepares the body for the next, creating a systematic progression of joint opening, strength building, and nervous system conditioning that unfolds over months and years.

The practice is physically demanding and technically precise. It is also, despite its reputation, accessible to beginners through the Mysore-style format, which allows each practitioner to work at their own pace within the fixed sequence.

Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga vs. Modern Vinyasa: What Is the Difference?

Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga is a specific, historically grounded practice with a fixed sequence and precise technical requirements, while modern “Vinyasa yoga” or “Vinyasa flow” is a broad teaching style that borrows the breath-movement linking principle from Ashtanga but applies it to freely created, non-fixed sequences.

This distinction is the single most common source of confusion for practitioners exploring yoga styles. The word “vinyasa” in Sanskrit means a specific, breath-synchronized sequence of movements, most commonly the transition through Chaturanga Dandasana (Four-Limbed Staff Pose), Urdhva Mukha Svanasana (Upward-Facing Dog), and Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward-Facing Dog). In Ashtanga, this transition appears a specific number of times in a precise location within each pose. In modern Vinyasa flow, a teacher uses this same transition as a linking device in freely created sequences.

The practical implications of this difference are substantial:

• Consistency of practice: Ashtanga practitioners develop mastery of a known sequence. Vinyasa flow students experience perpetual variety.
• Progression model: Ashtanga uses a formal authorization system where the teacher determines when a student is ready for the next pose. Vinyasa flow has no equivalent system.
• Predictability and body adaptation: Repeating the same sequence allows the body to adapt methodically, which research on motor learning suggests produces more efficient strength and flexibility gains over time.
• Teacher training: Ashtanga-qualified teachers undergo specific lineage-based training. Vinyasa flow teachers may be certified under many different systems with varying depth.

Modification note: Beginners who want to experience breath-movement synchronization without the commitment of a fixed sequence can use Vinyasa flow as an entry point, then transition to Ashtanga once the foundational movements feel familiar.

Ashtanga Yoga History: Origins and Lineage

Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga was systematized by Sri K. Pattabhi Jois (1915 to 2009) in Mysore, India, based on teachings he received from his primary teacher T. Krishnamacharya beginning in the 1930s.

T. Krishnamacharya (1888 to 1989) is widely considered the most influential figure in the development of modern postural yoga. His students included not only Pattabhi Jois but also B.K.S. Iyengar (founder of Iyengar yoga) and his own son T.K.V. Desikachar, each of whom developed distinct lineages from the same teacher’s instruction. Krishnamacharya reportedly derived elements of the physical practice from the Yoga Korunta, a text attributed to the sage Vamana Rishi, though the original manuscript has never been independently verified.

Pattabhi Jois established the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute in Mysore in 1948 and taught there for the rest of his life. Western students began arriving in Mysore in significant numbers from the 1970s onward, which is when Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga began its global spread. His grandson Sharath R. Jois now leads the institution, renamed the Sharath Yoga Centre, and continues teaching the method.

Key historical timeline:

• 1888: T. Krishnamacharya born in Karnataka, India
• 1927: Pattabhi Jois begins studying under Krishnamacharya in Mysore
• 1948: Pattabhi Jois establishes the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute
• 1970s: Western practitioners begin studying in Mysore in volume
• 1975: Pattabhi Jois teaches his first workshops in the United States
• 2009: Pattabhi Jois dies. Sharath R. Jois assumes leadership of the institute

Key Takeaway: Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga is a specific, fixed-sequence practice with a documented 20th-century lineage, not a synonym for any flowing yoga class. The distinction matters for understanding what you are actually practicing and what it will do for your body over time.

The Eight Limbs of Yoga and Ashtanga Practice

The eight limbs of yoga described by Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras form the philosophical backbone of Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga, and understanding them clarifies why the practice is more than a physical workout.

Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras, composed approximately 1,700 to 2,000 years ago, outline the Ashtanga path as a progressive ethical and contemplative system. The eight limbs are: Yama (ethical restraints), Niyama (personal observances), Asana (physical posture), Pranayama (breath regulation), Pratyahara (sensory withdrawal), Dharana (concentration), Dhyana (meditation), and Samadhi (integration or absorption).

In Pattabhi Jois’s system, the physical practice addresses primarily the third through fifth limbs: Asana, Pranayama, and Pratyahara. The fixed sequence, the specific breathing technique, and the directed gaze work together to withdraw the practitioner’s attention from external distractions and direct it inward, which is the definition of Pratyahara.

The physical practice of asana, pranayama, and drishti together create the conditions for the higher limbs to arise naturally. This is the theoretical framework that distinguishes Ashtanga from purely fitness-oriented yoga approaches.

Tristhana: The Three-Pillar Technique of Ashtanga Yoga

Tristhana is the three-part technical framework that governs every moment of an Ashtanga Vinyasa practice: ujjayi pranayama (breath), bandha (internal muscular locks), and drishti (directed gaze point). All three must be maintained simultaneously for the practice to function as Ashtanga rather than as generic movement.

Tristhana is the most consistently misunderstood and underexplained element of Ashtanga practice in popular media. It is not a sequential checklist. It is a simultaneous, integrated technique where each element supports and amplifies the others.

Think of Tristhana like a three-legged stool. Remove one leg and the whole structure becomes unstable. A practitioner moving through the Primary Series with good alignment but inconsistent breath and no bandha engagement is practicing gymnastics, not Ashtanga.

The three elements of Tristhana:

• Ujjayi pranayama: A specific breathing technique using partial glottis constriction to create an audible, ocean-like sound. The breath becomes the metronome of the practice, one pose per breath, every breath deliberate.
• Bandha: Internal neuromuscular engagements that stabilize the pelvic floor, lower abdomen, and throat. These are not forced contractions but sustained, subtle engagements that protect the spine and direct internal energy.
• Drishti: One of nine specific gaze points assigned to each pose. The gaze is not decorative; it focuses concentration, reduces external stimulation, and develops the sensory withdrawal (Pratyahara) that the practice seeks.

Modification note: Beginners cannot maintain all three elements simultaneously from the first practice. Experienced teachers recommend prioritizing breath first, then adding bandha awareness over weeks, then integrating drishti once breath and bandha feel stable.

Ujjayi Pranayama in Ashtanga: How Breath Drives the Practice

Ujjayi pranayama, called victorious breath, is performed by partially constricting the glottis at the back of the throat during both the inhale and exhale, creating an audible, soft rasping sound that resembles the ocean or a sleeping person’s breath.

In Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga, ujjayi is not a warm-up technique or an optional enhancement. It is the technical driver of the entire practice. Every movement in the sequence initiates from and completes within a single ujjayi breath. The inhale creates expansion, length, and readiness for movement. The exhale creates stability, depth, and the muscular engagement needed for the pose or transition.

Research published in the International Journal of Yoga documents that ujjayi breathing slows respiratory rate to approximately four to six breaths per minute, which is associated with increased heart rate variability, reduced sympathetic nervous system activation, and improved respiratory efficiency compared to unregulated breathing during the same physical activity.

To practice ujjayi pranayama:

1. Sit comfortably and breathe through the nose with the mouth closed
2. On the exhale, slightly constrict the back of the throat as if fogging a mirror with the mouth closed
3. The resulting sound should be soft, audible to yourself, and consistent throughout the exhale
4. Apply the same gentle constriction on the inhale
5. Maintain this breath pattern continuously throughout the entire practice session

Modification note: Beginners often force the ujjayi breath, creating tension in the neck and jaw. The constriction should feel subtle and require no facial effort. If the jaw or throat tightens, reduce the constriction until the breath feels like a soft hum rather than a forced rasp.

Key Takeaway: Ujjayi breath is the engine of Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga. If you take away one technical principle to prioritize in your first six months of practice, it is learning to maintain soft, continuous ujjayi breath throughout every transition and pose.

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Bandhas in Ashtanga Yoga: What They Are and How They Work

Bandhas are internal neuromuscular engagements used throughout Ashtanga Vinyasa practice to stabilize the spine, support the pelvic floor, and regulate the movement of the breath within the body. The three primary bandhas are Mula Bandha (root lock), Uddiyana Bandha (abdominal lock), and Jalandhara Bandha (throat lock).

In practical anatomical terms, Mula Bandha involves a gentle, sustained engagement of the pelvic floor muscles, specifically the pubococcygeus and associated structures. This is not a forceful squeeze but a subtle, maintained lift that supports the sacrum and lumbar spine during the physical demands of the sequence.

Uddiyana Bandha engages the transverse abdominis and draws the lower abdominal wall gently inward and upward toward the navel, creating a functional core support that protects the lumbar discs during forward folds, seated poses, and jump-through transitions. Jalandhara Bandha, a throat lock created by drawing the chin slightly toward the sternum, is primarily used during specific pranayama practices and certain seated poses rather than throughout the entire sequence.

Practical bandha guidance:

Safety note: Practitioners who have been diagnosed with pelvic floor dysfunction should approach Mula Bandha gradually and ideally work with a pelvic floor physical therapist alongside a yoga teacher to confirm that their version of the engagement is appropriate for their specific condition.

Drishti in Ashtanga: The Nine Gaze Points Explained

Drishti refers to the specific gaze point assigned to each pose in the Ashtanga Vinyasa system, of which there are nine distinct points that together guide the practitioner’s attention toward specific focal locations during the practice.

Drishti is not simply “looking” in a direction. It is a focused, soft gaze that stabilizes attention without creating tension in the eyes or forehead. The gaze point serves a dual function: it physically aligns the head and neck in the optimal position for each pose, and it reduces the practitioner’s engagement with external visual stimulation, which supports the Pratyahara (sensory withdrawal) function of the practice.

The nine drishti points in Ashtanga yoga are:

• Nasagrai: Tip of the nose (used in Samastitihi, equal standing, and forward folds)
• Ajna chakra: Between the eyebrows (backbends and certain pranayama)
• Nabi chakra: Navel (used in Adho Mukha Svanasana, Downward-Facing Dog)
• Hastagrai: Hand (used in poses where the hand is extended)
• Padhayoragrai: Toes (used in seated forward folds)
• Parsva: Far to the right (side gaze in twists)
• Parsva: Far to the left (opposite side gaze in twists)
• Angusta ma dyai: Thumbs (used in Sun Salutations during arm raise)
• Urdhva: Upward, toward the sky (used in backbends and certain standing poses)

Modification note: Beginners often find maintaining drishti while simultaneously managing breath and bandha overwhelming. Starting practice with only nasagrai (nose tip) and nabi chakra (navel) for the first weeks reduces cognitive load while establishing the most frequently used gaze patterns.

The Ashtanga Yoga Primary Series: What It Is and What It Involves

The Ashtanga Primary Series, called Yoga Chikitsa in Sanskrit (meaning “yoga therapy”), is the first and foundational sequence of Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga, composed of approximately 75 poses organized into standing, seated, finishing, and closing sections.

The word “therapy” in the series name is deliberate. The Primary Series is designed to detoxify the body, align the skeletal structure, and build the foundational strength and flexibility that all subsequent series require. Every pose in the sequence serves a specific preparatory function for the poses that follow it.

The Primary Series structure:

The seated sequence contains the most technically demanding poses, including deep forward folds like Paschimottanasana (Seated Forward Fold), hip-external-rotation poses like Janu Sirsasana (Head-to-Knee Forward Bend), and the binding twist series of Marichyasana A through D (Sage Marichi Poses A through D).

Modification note: No beginner practices the full Primary Series in a first session. The standard Mysore approach begins with Sun Salutations only, adding poses as each one is mastered. A student might practice only the opening sequences for weeks before the seated sequence begins.

Key Takeaway: The Ashtanga Primary Series is not a single yoga class to complete once. It is a methodical curriculum that takes most dedicated practitioners one to three years to practice in full, with each pose earned through demonstrated competence in what came before it.

The Six Series of Ashtanga Yoga Explained

Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga comprises six series of progressively more demanding poses, each building on the physical, technical, and attentional capacities developed in the series before it.

Most practitioners spend years in the Primary Series before progressing. The majority of lifetime Ashtanga practitioners never move beyond the Primary and Intermediate Series, which is not a limitation but a reflection of how much depth these two sequences contain. The four Advanced Series exist for the small percentage of dedicated practitioners who develop the exceptional strength, flexibility, and technical mastery the poses require.

Progression between series is not self-directed. In the traditional Mysore system, the teacher determines when a student is ready to receive the next pose, which may take months or years. This system exists because advancing prematurely into more demanding poses without the foundational preparation of the preceding series is a primary cause of yoga-related injury in Ashtanga practice.

Safety note: Practitioners who bypass the traditional progression system and attempt Intermediate Series poses without completing the Primary Series consistently report a higher incidence of lower back, shoulder, and knee injuries, based on patterns documented in surveys of Ashtanga practitioners in the yoga injury research literature.

Mysore Style vs. Led Ashtanga Class: Which Is Right for You?

Mysore style is a self-paced format where each student practices their portion of the Ashtanga sequence independently in a shared room with a teacher who provides individual adjustments, while a led class is an instructor-guided session where the teacher calls each pose and vinyasa count for the entire class simultaneously.

The distinction matters enormously for beginners. Mysore style is paradoxically more beginner-friendly than led class, despite its reputation as an advanced format. In a Mysore room, a student who knows only Sun Salutations practices only Sun Salutations while others around them practice further into the sequence. The teacher’s attention is available individually. No one is expected to keep up with a group.

A led class assumes all participants know the sequence and can follow the vinyasa count the teacher calls. For a student who does not yet know the sequence, a led Primary class is genuinely overwhelming and increases the risk of injury from rushing through unfamiliar poses.

Most experienced Ashtanga teachers recommend that beginners start with Mysore style even before knowing a single pose, because the individual attention allows correct technique to be established from the first session.

Ashtanga Yoga Benefits: What the Research Says

Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga produces documented benefits across cardiovascular endurance, musculoskeletal strength and flexibility, and psychological wellbeing, with research specifically measuring outcomes in this system rather than yoga generically.

A study published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine found that regular Ashtanga yoga practice over an 8-week period produced measurable improvements in aerobic capacity, upper body strength, and hamstring flexibility in previously sedentary adults. The cardiovascular demands of the continuous vinyasa transitions place Ashtanga in a different physiological category from slow or Restorative yoga.

Research published in Complementary Therapies in Medicine documented that practitioners with established Ashtanga practices showed lower resting cortisol levels, improved sleep quality, and reduced self-reported anxiety compared to age-matched non-practitioners. The rhythmic, breath-synchronized nature of the practice appears to be a key mechanism: the sustained ujjayi breath pattern maintains the practitioner in a parasympathetic-dominant state even during physically demanding movement.

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Documented physical and psychological benefits:

• Cardiovascular endurance: Continuous vinyasa transitions elevate heart rate into aerobic training zones (the American College of Sports Medicine defines this as 50 to 85 percent of maximum heart rate)
• Upper body and core strength: Chaturanga Dandasana repeated multiple times per session is a significant triceps, pectoral, and serratus anterior strengthening stimulus
• Hamstring and hip flexibility: The forward fold emphasis of the Primary Series systematically lengthens the hamstrings, hip flexors, and adductors
• Spinal mobility: The Primary Series addresses all planes of spinal movement: flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation
• Reduced anxiety and cortisol: Breath regulation and predictable sequence reduce the cognitive load and physiological stress response during practice

Key Takeaway: The research on Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga is more specific than for generic yoga styles because the fixed sequence allows controlled study. The cardiovascular, strength, and stress-reduction benefits are among the highest documented for any yoga practice style.

Ashtanga Yoga for Beginners: How to Start Safely

Beginners can start Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga most safely by finding a Mysore-style class led by a teacher with direct Ashtanga lineage training, beginning with only Surya Namaskara A (Sun Salutation A), and practicing five to six days per week as the tradition recommends.

The five-to-six-day frequency surprises most beginners. Traditional Ashtanga practice is a daily commitment, observed every day except Saturdays, new moon days, and full moon days. This frequency is not punishing; it is what creates the adaptation that makes the demanding poses accessible over time. Think of learning a musical instrument: practicing the same piece five times per week produces dramatically faster progress than practicing it once.

What beginners need to start:

• A yoga mat (a cotton Mysore rug over a sticky mat is traditional and optional)
• No props initially, though yoga blocks and straps can support specific poses
• Access to a Mysore-style class or a teacher trained in the Ashtanga lineage
• Patience with a process that unfolds over years, not weeks

Where to begin physically:

1. Learn Surya Namaskara A (Sun Salutation A) with correct breath count and ujjayi breath
2. Practice five repetitions daily for at least two weeks before adding anything
3. Learn Surya Namaskara B (Sun Salutation B) with the same methodical approach
4. Begin the standing sequence one pose at a time, only after Sun Salutations feel stable

Modification note: Beginners with wrist sensitivity should learn Chaturanga Dandasana (Four-Limbed Staff Pose) from the knees before progressing to the full pose. This modification is not a shortcut; it is the anatomically correct learning progression that protects the rotator cuff from the impingement that occurs when the full pose is attempted before adequate triceps and serratus anterior strength is established.

Ashtanga Yoga Safety, Injury Prevention, and Modifications

Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga has a higher injury rate than slower yoga styles because of its daily frequency, physically demanding transitions, and the cultural pressure in some communities to advance quickly through the series.

This is an honest assessment, not a deterrent. Research published in the International Journal of Yoga identified the lower back, shoulders, and knees as the most commonly injured areas in Ashtanga practice, with the majority of injuries occurring in practitioners who advanced to poses beyond their current preparatory foundation. The traditional Mysore system, with its teacher-authorized progression, exists precisely to prevent this pattern.

The most common Ashtanga injuries and how to prevent them:

• Rotator cuff strain: Caused by incorrect Chaturanga Dandasana mechanics (shoulders dropping below elbows). Prevention: practice the knees-down version until triceps and serratus anterior strength supports the full pose without the shoulder drop.
• Lumbar disc stress: Caused by forward folds with rounded lower backs and no hamstring preparation. Prevention: bend the knees in all forward folds until hamstring length genuinely allows a flat lumbar spine.
• Knee pain in Lotus-related poses: Caused by forcing external hip rotation from the knee joint rather than the hip joint. Prevention: the hip must rotate to place the foot; the knee follows passively. If the knee protests, the hip does not yet have the rotation available.
• Wrist overuse: Caused by five or six days per week of weight-bearing through extended wrists. Prevention: ensure correct hand placement (weight distributed to fingers, not only the wrist heel), use foam wedges if needed, and strengthen the forearms alongside the practice.

Modification note: Anyone with a current rotator cuff injury should avoid Chaturanga Dandasana entirely and substitute a Plank Pose (Phalakasana) hold until cleared by a physiotherapist familiar with yoga biomechanics.

How to Build an Ashtanga Yoga Home Practice

Building a sustainable Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga home practice requires knowing your current stopping point in the sequence, maintaining the technical framework of Tristhana without a teacher’s immediate feedback, and practicing at a consistent daily time on a dedicated mat space.

Home practice is a legitimate and respected part of the Ashtanga tradition. Pattabhi Jois himself taught that the practice is intended to be self-sufficient: once a student has learned enough of the sequence from a teacher, daily home practice between teacher visits sustains and deepens the work.

Practical framework for home Ashtanga practice:

For practitioners without regular teacher access, recording practice sessions to self-evaluate breath consistency, Chaturanga alignment, and bandha maintenance provides the most useful home feedback. The breath should be audible. If it cannot be heard in a quiet room, the ujjayi technique is not yet established.

Modification note: Home practitioners who are modifying due to illness, injury, or fatigue should practice only the opening sequences (Sun Salutations and seated closing poses) rather than skipping practice entirely. Shorter practice maintains the habit and the physiological benefits of the breath work without adding load to a compromised system.

Frequently Asked Questions About Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga

What exactly is ashtanga vinyasa yoga and how does it work?

Ashtanga Vinyasa yoga is a fixed-sequence yoga practice in which the same series of poses is performed in the same order every session, linked by breath-synchronized transitions called vinyasa.
The practice is governed by Tristhana: ujjayi breath, bandha (internal muscular locks), and drishti (directed gaze points), all maintained simultaneously throughout the session.
It works by creating systematic, progressive conditioning of the body and mind through consistent, technically precise repetition of the same demanding sequence.

Is ashtanga yoga good for beginners or is it too advanced?

Ashtanga yoga is appropriate for beginners when started correctly in a Mysore-style class under a qualified teacher, beginning only with Sun Salutations.
The common perception that Ashtanga is too advanced for beginners comes from comparing it to gentle studio yoga; it is demanding but entirely accessible when the traditional learning progression is followed.
The Mysore format, where each student works at their own pace rather than keeping up with a group, makes it more individually supportive than most group yoga classes.

What is the difference between ashtanga and vinyasa yoga?

Ashtanga yoga uses a fixed, predetermined sequence of poses practiced in the same order every time, while modern Vinyasa yoga uses freely created sequences that vary between teachers and classes.
Both use breath-synchronized movement, but Ashtanga applies this to a specific, traditional system with a documented lineage and a formal teacher-student progression model.
The term “vinyasa” technically originates in the Ashtanga system; modern Vinyasa flow borrowed the breath-movement linking principle and applied it outside the fixed-sequence context.

How long does it take to complete the Ashtanga Primary Series?

An established practitioner can complete the full Ashtanga Primary Series in approximately 90 minutes.
Beginners learning the sequence practice only their current portion, which may take 30 to 60 minutes in the early months.
The full series typically takes one to three years of consistent daily practice before a student can complete it in its entirety.

Can I practice ashtanga yoga at home without a teacher?

Home practice is a respected and integral part of the Ashtanga tradition, but it should only include poses you have already learned from a qualified teacher.
Attempting to learn new poses from videos alone, without teacher feedback on alignment and breath, significantly increases the risk of injury in a physically demanding practice like Ashtanga.
The recommended approach is to establish a foundation with a teacher, then maintain and deepen that foundation through daily home practice between teacher visits.

Step Onto the Mat and Begin With the Sun

Start with Surya Namaskara A (Sun Salutation A). Not the Primary Series. Not the Intermediate Series. Five repetitions of nine poses, each movement matching a single ujjayi breath. That is the entirety of your first week.

Add Surya Namaskara B in week two. Practice it alongside A until both feel stable and the breath is audible and consistent throughout. Find a Mysore-style class or teacher if you can. If you cannot, let the breath be your teacher for now.

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Ashtanga reveals itself gradually. The sequence will not change. You will.